In 1900, 10% of the world’s population lived in cities. In 2007, that number was up to 50%. By 2050, experts predict the number will be as high as 75%. There's a benefit to this migration, says Richard Burdett, director of the Urban Age program, organized by the London School of Economics and Deutsche Bank’s Alfred Herrhausen Society. While suburban areas demand larger, less-efficient electrical grids and extended public transportation systems, this is not the case with cities.
“The prospect of such an enormous urban boom in just a few generations offers a critical opportunity: to create cities that will improve, not diminish, the standards of living for millions of new city dwellers,” says Burdett (Foreign Policy, “Beyond City Limits,” Jan/Feb 2008).The really good news is that many cities across the globe already are working toward sustainability. In fact, it seems that cities in over half a dozen countries are competing to become the first “eco-city.” Two cities, in fact, are being built from scratch. AbuDhabi, for example, has begun construction on Masdar, a 2.5-square mile city that will ban automobiles and rely on a solar-powered driverless taxi system for public transportation. In China, Dontang Eco-City, designed to house 500,000 people, is being built on an island near Shanghai. Sixty percent of the land will be designated green spaces and farmland for local food, most energy will be renewable (sun, wind, and biomass fuels), and the city’s design is planned around pedestrian villages, bicycles, and fuel-cell public transportation.
Other established cities are implementing changes that will alter energy use and lower emissions dramatically, including the use of solar, wind, and even tidal power. “Cities have to be competitive,” says William Cobbett, manager of Cities Alliance an ICLEI, a UN Enviromentment Program. Not only is the environment becoming a major factor in more and more people’s choices of where to live (94% of professionals surveyed in Hong Kong, for example, ranked the environment as the top factor in selecting a place to live), it’s also a major factor when cities look for investment money. Cities, says Cobbett, “operate in a global marketplace, competing with other cities and urban settlements around the world for investment. A city cannot compete, however, if it cannot offer investors security, infrastructure, and efficiency. Hardly any city can offer these elements without incorporating environmental issues into its planning and management strategies” (United Nations Environment Program, “Cities Play the Green Card To Achieve Success,” December 11, 2007).
Many think economic considerations will be the ruin of the environment. The reality is, economic considerations may end up being the very thing that helps heal and sustain this beautiful Earth.
To learn more, read the UN’s “Liveable Cities: The Benefits of Urban Environmental Planning” report. It provides 12 case studies of cities around the world that are making important environment-based changes. We can, of course, learn from their example.